Structure–activity correlation of thermally activated graphite electrodes for vanadium flow batteries
Adrian Lindner, Hannes Radinger, Frieder Scheiba, Helmut Ehrenberg
Abstract
layers of graphite are damaged in the oxidative atmosphere, which enhances the electrocatalytic activity by introducing small pores with sharp edges. In later stages, the concentration of reaction sites does not increase further, but the defect geometry changes significantly, leading to lower activity. This new perspective on thermal activation allows several correlations between structural and functional properties of graphite for the vanadium redox couple, describing the importance of structural defects over surface chemistry.
Topics & Concepts
VanadiumGraphiteRaman spectroscopyX-ray photoelectron spectroscopyRedoxMaterials scienceScanning electron microscopeActivation energyThermal oxidationChemical engineeringElectrodeCarbon fibersAnalytical Chemistry (journal)ChemistryNanotechnologyLayer (electronics)Composite materialPhysical chemistryOrganic chemistryMetallurgyOpticsEngineeringComposite numberPhysicsAdvanced battery technologies researchSupercapacitor Materials and FabricationElectrocatalysts for Energy Conversion