Ammonia as a Potential Energy Vector in the Burgeoning Hydrogen Economy
Abhishek Kumar, Vaibhav Vibhu, Jean-Marc. Bassat, Lucy Nohl, L.G.J. de Haart, Marcel Bouvet, Rüdiger‐A. Eichel
Abstract
Abstract The adoption of green hydrogen economy is an indispensable necessity in the current global scenario of environment and energy security. In this endeavor, ammonia is poised to play a key vector of hydrogen to mitigate the challenges arising from transportation, storage and safety. Besides containing a high volumetric and gravimetric hydrogen density, NH 3 decomposition into H 2 for onsite utilization as a distributed energy source is devoid of greenhouse gases production. In this endeavor, significant technological advancements have been made for in situ production of H 2 from NH 3 decomposition and the use of NH 3 in fuel cell devices to produce electricity. The ammonia decomposition methods to produce H 2 mainly involve thermocatalytic, oxidative, electrocatalytic and photocatalytic, among which the catalyst assisted thermal cracking of NH 3 has been widely investigated. The research progress in electrolysis of NH 3 has been notable in the last couple of years and provides a low‐cost alternative to produce H 2 at room temperature. In the area of device development, solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) have witnessed rapid development in the performances and stability, as ammonia is completely decomposed into H 2 and N 2 at high operating temperature above ~700 °C.