OrgAlkCalc: Estimation of organic alkalinity quantities and acid-base properties with proof of concept in Dublin Bay
Daniel E. Kerr, C. W. Turner, Anthony Grey, J A B Keogh, Peter J. Brown, Brian P. Kelleher
Abstract
The presence and influence of organic species is generally omitted in total alkalinity (TA) analysis. This has direct implications to calculated carbonate system parameters and to key descriptors of ocean acidification, especially in coastal waters where organic alkalinity (OrgAlk) can contribute significantly to TA. As titratable charge groups of OrgAlk can act as unknown seawater acid-base systems, the inclusion of the total concentration and apparent dissociation constants of OrgAlk in carbonate calculations involving TA is required to minimise uncertainty in computed speciation. Here we present OrgAlkCalc, an open-source Python based programme that can be used in conjunction with simply modified Global Ocean Acidification Observing Network (GOA-ON) TA titration apparatus to measure TA and OrgAlk, as well as return estimations of associated acid-base properties. The modified titration apparatus and OrgAlkCalc were tested using samples collected from the transitional waters of Dublin Bay, Ireland over a 8 month period (n = 100). TA values ranged from 2257 to 4692 μmol·kg−1 and indicated that freshwater inputs pose a significant source of carbonate alkalinity to Dublin Bay. OrgAlk values ranged from 46 to 234 μmol·kg−1 and were generally observed to be higher in more saline waters, with elevated levels in the Autumn/Winter period. The dissociation constants of two distinct OrgAlk charge groups were identified, with pK values in agreement with previously reported values for humic substances. The majority of OrgAlk charge group concentrations were associated with carboxyl-like charge groups.