Phase transitions and phonon thermodynamics in giant piezoelectric Mn-doped <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">K</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mn>0.5</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi>Na</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mn>0.5</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi>NbO</mml:mi><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:mtext>−</mml:mtext><mml:msub><mml:mi>LiBiO</mml:mi><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> crystals studied by Raman spectroscopy
Anyang Cui, Xihua Cao, Ye Yan, Kai Jiang, Liangqing Zhu, Minhong Jiang, Guanghui Rao, Yawei Li, Zhigao Hu, Junhao Chu
Abstract
Ferroelectric lead-free ${\mathrm{K}}_{x}{\mathrm{Na}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{NbO}}_{3}$ (KNN) perovskite, as the representative of the preferred oxides with good dielectric and piezoelectric behaviors, has attracted broad attentions in recent years. Here we systematically investigate the complete process of temperature dependent structural evolution in manganese (Mn)-doped ${\mathrm{K}}_{0.5}{\mathrm{Na}}_{0.5}{\mathrm{NbO}}_{3}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{\mathrm{LiBiO}}_{3}$ single crystals, presenting the ultrahigh piezoelectric coefficient of about 1050 pC ${\mathrm{N}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ and the excellent dielectric and ferroelectric performances, by demonstrating phonon thermodynamics associated with all Raman active modes at a wide temperature range of 80--800 K. All-round unpolarized and polarized scattering characteristics reflecting various phonon and structure properties are specified in detail. Symmetry difference, symmetry breaking, and structure rearrangement among the molecular vibrations have been proven to be related to a multiphase coexistence and the discontinuity of first-order phase transition. In comparison with the lattice dynamics, a complete phase transition ordering and the shift of transition point have been observed in $\mathrm{KNN}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{\mathrm{LiBiO}}_{3}$ crystals with the different Mn contents. This work aims at deeply revealing the details of good ferroelectric/dielectric performance, structure, and phonon thermodynamics, as well as understanding the mechanisms of first-order phase transition under the doping manipulation in KNN systems.