Sulfonamide-salicylaldehyde Imines Active Against methicillin- and trimethoprim/sulfonamide-resistant <i>Staphylococci</i>
Martin Krátký, Klára Konečná, Jiří Janoušek, Ondřej Janďourek, Jana Maixnerová, Sára Kalivodová, František Trejtnar, Jarmila Vinšová
Abstract
Background: Increasing resistance has resulted in an urgent need for new antimicrobial drugs. A systematic me-too approach was chosen to modify clinically used sulfonamides to obtain their imines. Methods & results: Twenty-five compounds were synthesized and evaluated for their antibacterial activity. The most active compounds were also investigated against methicillin- and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (SMX)-resistant Gram-positive species. Staphylococci shared the highest susceptibility including resistant strains with minimum inhibitory concentrations from 3.91 μM (≥2.39 μg ml-1). Crucially, the compounds inhibit MRSA and trimethoprim/SMX-resistant Staphylococci without any cross-resistance. Modification of parent sulfonamides turned a bacteriostatic effect into a bactericidal effect. Toxicity for HepG2 and hemolytic properties were also determined. Conclusions: The presence of a dihalogenated salicylidene moiety is required for optimal activity. Based on toxicity, promising derivatives for further investigation were identified.