A Micropower Chopper CBIA Using DSL-Embedded Input Stage With 0.4 V EO Tolerance for Dry-Electrode Biopotential Recording
Surachoke Thanapitak, Wanlop Surakampontorn, Chutham Sawigun
Abstract
A chopper instrumentation amplifier (IA) dedicated for bio-potential acquisition usually requires a linearized input stage for large electrode offset voltage accommodation. This linearization leads to excessive power consumption when sufficiently low input-referred noise (IRN) is required. We present a current-balance IA (CBIA) without the need for the input stage linearization. It uses two transistors to operate as an input transconductance stage and a dc-servo loop (DSL) at the same time. An off-chip capacitor completes the DSL by ac coupling the source terminals of the input transistors via chopping switches realizing a sub-Hz high-pass cutoff frequency for dc rejection. Fabricated in a 0.35- <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">μ</i> m CMOS process, the proposed CBIA occupies 0.41 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and consumes 1.19 <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">μ</i> W from a 3 V dc supply. Measurements show that the IA achieves an input-referred noise of 0.91 <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">μ</i> V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rms</sub> over 100 Hz bandwidth. This corresponds to a noise efficiency factor of 2.22. Typical CMRR of 102.1 dB is achieved for zero offset and degraded to 85.9 dB when a ±0.3 V input offset was applied. Gain variation of 0.5% is maintained within the range of ±0.4 V input offset. The resulting performance meets well with the requirement for ECG and EEG recording using dry electrodes. A demonstration for the use of the proposed IA on a human subject is also provided.