Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in white-tailed sea eagle eggs from Sweden: temporal trends (1969–2021), spatial variations, fluorine mass balance, and suspect screening
Faiz Haque, Anne L. Soerensen, Martin Sköld, Raed Awad, Kyra M. Spaan, Mélanie Z. Lauria, Merle Plassmann, Jonathan P. Benskin
Abstract
81-100%) of extractable organic fluorine (EOF). Nevertheless, high resolution mass-spectrometry-based suspect screening identified 55 suspects (31 at a confidence level [CL] of 1-3 and 24 at a CL of 4-5), of which 43 were substances not included in the targeted analysis. Semi-quantification of CL ≤ 2 suspects increased the identified EOF to >90% in coastal samples. In addition to showing the impact of PFAS regulation and phase-out initiatives, this study demonstrates that most extractable organofluorine in WTSE eggs is made up of known (legacy) PFAS, albeit with low levels of novel substances.
Topics & Concepts
EagleWhite (mutation)SuspectIdentification (biology)Balance (ability)Environmental scienceGeographyEcologyBiologyPsychologyCriminologyNeuroscienceBiochemistryGenePer- and polyfluoroalkyl substances researchAtmospheric chemistry and aerosolsToxic Organic Pollutants Impact