Comprehensive machine learning-based integration develops a novel prognostic model for glioblastoma
Qian Jiang, Xiawei Yang, Teng Deng, Jun Yan, Fangzhou Guo, Ligen Mo, Seongha An, Qianrong Huang
Abstract
In this study, we developed a new prognostic model for glioblastoma (GBM) based on an integrated machine learning algorithm. We used univariate Cox regression analysis to identify prognostic genes by combining six GBM cohorts. Based on the prognostic genes, 10 machine learning algorithms were integrated into 117 algorithm combinations, and the artificial intelligence prognostic signature (AIPS) with the greatest average C-index was chosen. The AIPS was compared with 10 previously published models by univariate Cox analysis and the C-index. We compared the differences in prognosis, tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), and immunotherapy sensitivity between the high and low AIPS score groups. The AIPS based on the random survival forest algorithm with the highest average C-index (0.868) was selected. Compared with the previous 10 prognostic models, our AIPS has the highest C-index. The AIPS was closely linked to the clinical features of GBM. We discovered that patients in the low score group had improved prognoses, a more active TIME, and were more sensitive to immunotherapy. Finally, we verified the expression of several key genes by western blotting and immunohistochemistry. We identified an ideal prognostic signature for GBM, which might provide new insights into stratified treatment approaches for GBM patients.