Conformal Coating of a High-Voltage Spinel to Stabilize LiCoO<sub>2</sub> at 4.6 V
Mingwei Zan, Suting Weng, Haoyi Yang, Junyang Wang, Lufeng Yang, Sichen Jiao, Penghao Chen, Xuefeng Wang, Jienan Zhang, Xiqian Yu, Hong Li
Abstract
The ever-growing demand for portable electronic devices has put forward higher requirements on the energy density of layered LiCoO 2 (LCO). The unstable surface structure and side reactions with electrolytes at high voltages (>4.5 V) however hinder its practical applications. Here, considering the high-voltage stability and three-dimensional lithium-ion transport channel of the high-voltage Li-containing spinel (M = Ni and Co) LiM x Mn 2– x O 4, we design a conformal and integral LiNi x Co y Mn 2– x – y O 4 spinel coating on the surface of LCO via a sol–gel method. The accurate structure of the coating layer is identified to be a spinel solid solution with gradient element distribution, which compactly covers the LCO particle. The coated LCO exhibits significantly improved cycle performance (86% capacity remained after 100 cycles at 0.5C in 3–4.6 V) and rate performance (150 mAh/g at a high rate of 5C). The characterizations of the electrodes from the bulk to surface suggest that the conformal spinel coating acts as a physical barrier to inhibit the side reactions and stabilize the cathode–electrolyte interface (CEI). In addition, the artificially designed spinel coating layer is well preserved on the surface of LCO after prolonged cycling, preventing the formation of an electrochemically inert Co 3 O 4 phase and ensuring fast lithium transport kinetics. This work provides a facile and effective method for solving the surface problems of LCO operated at high voltages.