Urease-Immobilized Magnetic Graphene Oxide as a Safe and Effective Urea Removal Recyclable Nanocatalyst for Blood Purification
Jue Zhang, Bingqing Yan, Chao He, Yuanyuan Hao, Shudong Sun, Weifeng Zhao, Changsheng Zhao
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease has attracted great attention as a public health disease and is mainly caused by the retention of uremic toxins in the body. Urea is a kind of representative toxin with high solubility and cannot be removed easily; in fact, no suitable absorbers have been found to remove urea by physical adsorption. Herein, we prepare urease-immobilized magnetic graphene oxide as a recyclable nanocatalyst for effective urea removal in blood purification, which shows great removal ability toward urea (2194 ± 110 mg/g). The clearance ratio is over 80% even for a high concentration urea solution of 80 mg/mL, and it is 77% for collected dialysate from a clinic. The nanocatalyst exhibits good reusability and storage stability. Furthermore, a series of blood-related tests indicate that the prepared nanocatalyst has good blood compatibility. Thus, the urease-immobilized recyclable nanocatalyst has great potential for effective and safe urea removal in blood purification.