Unveiling the PEDOT-polypyrrole hybrid electrode for the electrochemical sensing of dopamine
Anandhavelu Sanmugam, C. Vanitha, Abdulrahman I. Almansour, K. Karuppasamy, T. Maiyalagan, Hyunseok Kim, Dhanasekaran Vikraman, Akram Alfantazi
Abstract
This study presents the electrochemical sensing of dopamine (DA) using an electrode of polypyrrole/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT-PPy) thin film. Electrochemical analyses of the PEDOT-PPy thin film for DA sensing were conducted through cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The CV analysis demonstrated that PEDOT-PPy exhibited superior electrochemical activity towards DA due to its enhanced conductivity as a high-conducting polymer composite. The DPV results indicated a linear concentration level of 5 nM to 200 µM with a minimal limit of sensing of 5 nM using the PEDOT-PPy electrode material. The fabricated sensor explored the sensitivity of 7.27 µA/µM cm 2 at the 5 to 1000 nM DA concentration and the dopamine diffusion coefficient of 1.3 × 10 –8 cm 2 /s. Additionally, the PEDOT-PPy electrode material displayed excellent reproducibility, selectivity, and stability. Therefore, the PEDOT-PPy composite electrode material shows excellent potential for outperforming other electrode materials in detecting DA.