A High‐Performance Hybrid Biofuel Cell with a Honeycomb‐Like Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<i><sub>x</sub></i>/MWCNT/AuNP Bioanode and a ZnCo<sub>2</sub>@NCNT Cathode for Self‐Powered Biosensing
Yuping Sun, Tengteng Qin, Xiaoqiang Liu, Yuan Liu, Dan Zhao, Danny K.Y. Wong
Abstract
Abstract This work focusses on developing a hybrid enzyme biofuel cell‐based self‐powered biosensor with appreciable stability and durability using murine leukemia fusion gene fragments (tDNA) as a model analyte. The cell consists of a Ti 3 C 2 T x /multiwalled carbon nanotube/gold nanoparticle/glucose oxidase bioanode and a Zn/Co‐modified carbon nanotube cathode. The bioanode uniquely exhibits strong electron transfer ability and a high surface area for the loading of 1.14 × 10 −9 mol cm −2 glucose oxidase to catalyze glucose oxidation. Meanwhile, the abiotic cathode with a high oxygen reduction reaction activity negates the use of conventional bioenzymes as catalysts, which aids in extending the stability and durability of the sensing system. The biosensor offers a 0.1 f m –1 n m linear range and a detection limit of 0.022 f m tDNA. Additionally, the biosensor demonstrates a reproducibility of ≈4.85% and retains ≈87.42% of the initial maximal power density after a 4‐week storage at 4 °C, verifying a significantly improved long‐term stability.