Presence of congenital anomalies in three dog litters
Antonio Ortega‐Pacheco, Mildred A. Lezama‐García, Rafael Francisco Colin-Flores, Matilde Jiménez‐Coello, Carlos M. Acevedo-Arcique, Eduardo Gutiérrez‐Blanco
Abstract
This report describes multiple congenital malformations found in three dog litters delivered by emergency caesarean section. In all of the litters, some puppies were born alive but were euthanized because of the seriousness of their malformations and low probability of survival. In two litters, gastroschisis was associated with amelia of the right anterior limb. Other malformations such as anencephaly were also found in three puppies among the different litters. This report describes the morphological findings of the affected puppies, discusses the most appropriate terminologies for each case and highlights the importance of an epidemiological survey to identify potential factors associated with the cases.