Vermicomposting Methods from Different Wastes: An Environment Friendly, Economically Viable and Socially Acceptable Approach for Crop Nutrition: A Review
Ali Ahmad, Zubair Aslam, Korkmaz Bellitürk, Naeem Iqbal, Shoaib Naeem, Muhammad Idrees, Zohaib Kaleem, M. Nawaz, M. Nawaz, Muhammad Sajjad, Wajeeh Ur Rehman, Hafiz Naveed Ramzan, Muhammad Mohsin Waqas, Yousuf Akram, Muhammad Asif Jamal, Muhammad Ibrahim, Hafiz Amir Tauqeer Baig, Ahmad Kamal
Abstract
The waste management and crop residues are serious problems in the world. Major crops like rice, wheat, sugarcane residues burning causes environmental pollution like smog. The best technique to manage all kind of waste is vermicomposting that is environment friendly, economically viable and socially acceptable approach which convert garbage in to black gold that is called vermi-fertilizer. Compositing process is mainly involved for increased transformation of organic decay within stable organic compound via the interaction of beneficial microorganisms under regulate increased temperature 45C-60C that permits sanitation of organic decay by eradication harmful microbes. In preparation of vermicompost, organic waste products are being oxidized via the mutual activity of useful microbes and earthworm. Vermi-fertilizer is rich source of all macro and micro nutrients, i.e., Nitrogen (N), Phosphorous (P), Potassium (K), Iron (Fe), Zinc (Zn), Copper (Cu), manganese (Mg), growth promoters and regulators hormones like Auxin, gibberellin, enzymes i.e., protease, lipase, chitinase, beneficial bacterias i.e., Bacillus subtilis. Almost 3,000 species of earthworms are identified for vermicomposting, in which Eisenia fetida, Eisenia Andrei, Eudrilus eugeniae and Perionyn excavates are most suitable for vermicompost preparation.