The Stabilization Effect of CO<sub>2</sub> in Lithium–Oxygen/CO<sub>2</sub> Batteries
Kai Chen, Gang Huang, Jinling Ma, Jin Wang, Dong‐Yue Yang, Xiaoyang Yang, Yue Yu, Xinbo Zhang
Abstract
Abstract The lithium (Li)–air battery has an ultrahigh theoretical specific energy, however, even in pure oxygen (O 2 ), the vulnerability of conventional organic electrolytes and carbon cathodes towards reaction intermediates, especially O 2 − , and corrosive oxidation and crack/pulverization of Li metal anode lead to poor cycling stability of the Li‐air battery. Even worse, the water and/or CO 2 in air bring parasitic reactions and safety issues. Therefore, applying such systems in open‐air environment is challenging. Herein, contrary to previous assertions, we have found that CO 2 can improve the stability of both anode and electrolyte, and a high‐performance rechargeable Li–O 2 /CO 2 battery is developed. The CO 2 not only facilitates the in situ formation of a passivated protective Li 2 CO 3 film on the Li anode, but also restrains side reactions involving electrolyte and cathode by capturing O 2 − . Moreover, the Pd/CNT catalyst in the cathode can extend the battery lifespan by effectively tuning the product morphology and catalyzing the decomposition of Li 2 CO 3 . The Li–O 2 /CO 2 battery achieves a full discharge capacity of 6628 mAh g −1 and a long life of 715 cycles, which is even better than those of pure Li–O 2 batteries.