A Revised Nomenclature for <i>ToxA</i> Haplotypes Across Multiple Fungal Species
Reem Aboukhaddour, Mohamed Hafez, Megan C. McDonald, Caroline S. Moffat, Sudhir Navathe, Timothy L. Friesen, Stephen E. Strelkov, Richard P. Oliver, Kar‐Chun Tan, Zhaohui Liu, Paula Moolhuijzen, Huyen T. T. Phan, Pao Theen See, Peter S. Solomon
Abstract
ToxA is one of the most studied proteinaceous necrotrophic effectors produced by plant pathogens. It has been identified in four pathogens ( Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, Parastagonospora nodorum, Parastagonospora pseudonodorum [formerly Parastagonospora avenaria f. sp. tritici], and Bipolaris sorokiniana) causing leaf spot diseases on cereals worldwide. To date, 24 different ToxA haplotypes have been identified. Some P. tritici-repentis and related species also express ToxB, another small protein necrotrophic effector. We present here a revised and standardized nomenclature for these effectors, which could be extended to other poly-haplotypic genes found across multiple species.