Virion-incorporated PSGL-1 and CD43 inhibit both cell-free infection and transinfection of HIV-1 by preventing virus–cell binding
Tomoyuki Murakami, Nancy Carmona, Akira Ono
Abstract
Significance No host-encoded restriction factor identified thus far inhibits the first step of HIV-1 infection: virus–cell attachment. Here we demonstrate that virion-incorporated host transmembrane proteins PSGL-1 and CD43 inhibit attachment of HIV-1 particles to target cells. This inhibition of virus attachment occurs regardless of molecules mediating virus–cell binding and leads to inhibition of both cell-free infection and bystander cell-mediated transinfection. We also show that coclustering of HIV-1 structural protein Gag with PSGL-1 and subsequent progeny virion release contribute to depletion of PSGL-1 from an infected cell surface. Our study reveals an anti–HIV-1 mechanism in which virion-incorporated host transmembrane proteins block virus attachment. In addition, we report a previously unidentified role for Gag in viral down-regulation of antiviral proteins.