Development, stabilization, and characterization of nanoemulsion of vitamin D3-enriched canola oil
Aafia Khalid, Muhammad Umair Arshad, Ali Imran, Syed Haroon Khalid, Mohd Asif Shah
Abstract
In this study, the oil-in-water nanoemulsion (NE) was prepared and loaded with vitamin D 3 in food-grade (edible) canola oil and stabilized by Tween 80 and Span 80 by using a water titration technique with droplet sizes of 20 to 200 nm. A phase diagram was established for the influence of water, oil, and S-Mix concentration. The outcomes revealed that the particle size of blank canola oil nanoemulsion (NE) ranged from 60.12 to 62.27 (d.nm) and vitamin D 3 NE ranged from 93.92 to 185.5 (d.nm). Droplet size and polydispersity index (PDI) of both blank and vitamin D 3 -loaded NE results were less than 1, and zeta potential results for blank and vitamin D 3 loaded NE ranged from −9.71 to −15.32 mV and −7.29 to −13.56 mV, respectively. Furthermore, the pH and electrical conductivity of blank NE were 6.0 to 6.2 and 20 to 100 (μs/cm), respectively, whereas vitamin D 3 -loaded NE results were 6.0 to 6.2 and 30 to 100 (μs/cm), respectively. The viscosity results of blank NE ranged from 0.544 to 0.789 (mPa.s), while that of vitamin D 3 -loaded NE ranged from 0.613 to 0.793 (mPa.s). In this study, the long-term stability (3 months) of canola oil NE containing vitamin D3 at room temperature (25 C) and high temperature (40 C) was observed.