Clarifying Ethical Dilemmas of Using Artificial Intelligence in Research Writing: A Rapid Review
Ndubuisi Friday Ugwu, Adewumi Segun Igbinlade, Raphael E. Ochiaka, Ugoma Deborah Ezeani, Nnaemeka Chijioke Okorie, Jacob Kehinde Opele, Toyin Segun Onayinka, Obinna Iroegbu, Ogechi Kate Onyekwere, Adijat Bolanle Adams, Precious Aigbona, Folasade Busayo Ojobola
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of the study was to clarify, through the lenses of experts and frontline publishers, ethical dilemmas related to the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in research writing. Method: We conducted a rapid review of expert opinions and publishers’ policy statements on ethical considerations in using AI for research writing. We included articles published in journals indexed by academic databases that met the criteria. We also included the policy statements and guidelines of seven reputable publishers. Result: The use of AI in scientific writing is acceptable, contingent on addressing ethical considerations bordering on plagiarism, transparency, and disclosure. While AI should not be listed as an author or co-author on its own, its use in the development of the work deserves acknowledgment. Authors must substantially rephrase AI-generated content in their own words, properly citing sources to avoid claims of plagiarism. Transparency regarding AI usage and oversight of AI-generated drafts are necessary, as there are risks related to inaccuracy and bias if AI is not supervised by human experts. Conclusion: AI can be deployed to support research writing, provided users carefully abide by ethical standards that uphold academic integrity. Implications: The findings offer valuable guidance for researchers, students, and emerging publishers on how AI’s capabilities can be ethically and responsibly leveraged in academic writing. By establishing clear principles, the study equips these stakeholders with the means to incorporate AI judiciously into their knowledge production practices.