Stable quantum-correlated many-body states through engineered dissipation
Xiao Mi, Alexios A. Michailidis, S. Shabani, Kevin C. Miao, P. V. Klimov, Jerome Lloyd, Eliott Rosenberg, Rajeev Acharya, I. L. Aleǐner, T. I. Andersen, M. Ansmann, Frank Arute, Kunal Arya, Abraham Asfaw, Juan Atalaya, Joseph C. Bardin, Andreas Bengtsson, Gina Bortoli, Alexandre Bourassa, Jenna Bovaird, L. Brill, Michael Broughton, Bob B. Buckley, David A. Buell, Tim Burger, Brian Burkett, Nicholas Bushnell, Z. Chen, B. Chiaro, Desmond Chik, C. W. Chou, J. Cogan, Roberto Collins, P. Conner, William Courtney, A. L. Crook, Ben Curtin, Alejandro Grajales Dau, D. M. Debroy, Alexander Del Toro Barba, Sean Demura, Agustín Di Paolo, I. K. Drozdov, A. Dunsworth, Catherine Erickson, Lara Faoro, Edward Farhi, Reza Fatemi, V. S. Ferreira, Leslie Flores Burgos, Ebrahim Forati, Austin G. Fowler, Brooks Foxen, Élie Genois, William Giang, Craig Gidney, D. Gilboa, Marissa Giustina, Raja Gosula, Jonathan A. Gross, Steve Habegger, Michael C. Hamilton, M. Hansen, Matthew P. Harrigan, Sean D. Harrington, Paula Heu, M. R. Hoffmann, Sabrina Hong, Trent Huang, Ashley Huff, W. J. Huggins, L. B. Ioffe, S. V. Isakov, Justin Iveland, E. Jeffrey, Jiang Zhang, C. Jones, Pavol Juhás, Dvir Kafri, Kostyantyn Kechedzhi, Tanuj Khattar, Mostafa Khezri, Mária Kieferová, Seon Kim, Alexei Kitaev, A. R. Klots, A. N. Korotkov, Fedor Kostritsa, John Mark Kreikebaum, David Landhuis, Pavel Laptev, K.-M. Lau, Lily Laws, J. Lee, Kenny Lee, Y. D. Lensky, Brian Lester, Alexander T. Lill, W. Liu, Aditya Locharla
Abstract
Engineered dissipative reservoirs have the potential to steer many-body quantum systems toward correlated steady states useful for quantum simulation of high-temperature superconductivity or quantum magnetism. Using up to 49 superconducting qubits, we prepared low-energy states of the transverse-field Ising model through coupling to dissipative auxiliary qubits. In one dimension, we observed long-range quantum correlations and a ground-state fidelity of 0.86 for 18 qubits at the critical point. In two dimensions, we found mutual information that extends beyond nearest neighbors. Lastly, by coupling the system to auxiliaries emulating reservoirs with different chemical potentials, we explored transport in the quantum Heisenberg model. Our results establish engineered dissipation as a scalable alternative to unitary evolution for preparing entangled many-body states on noisy quantum processors.