Longevous Sodium Metal Anodes with High Areal Capacity Enabled by 3D-Printed Sodiophilic Monoliths
Yueyue Liu, Hui Wang, Haoyuan Yang, Zixuan Wang, Zhenxin Huang, Denghui Pan, Zhuangfei Zhang, Zhiyong Duan, Tingting Xu, Dezhi Kong, Xinjian Li, Ye Wang, Jingyu Sun
Abstract
Sodium metal anode, featured by favorable redox voltage and material availability, offers a feasible avenue toward high-energy-density devices. However, uneven metal deposition and notorious dendrite proliferation synchronously hamper its broad application prospects. Here, a three-dimensional (3D) porous hierarchical silver/reduced graphene oxide (Ag/rGO) microlattice aerogel is devised as a sodiophilic monolith, which is realized by a direct ink writing 3D printing technology. The thus-printed Na@Ag/rGO electrode retains a durable cycling lifespan over 3100 h at 3.0 mA cm –2 /1.0 mAh cm –2, concurrently harvesting a high average Coulombic efficiency of 99.80%. Impressively, it can be cycled for 340 h at a stringent condition of 6.0 mA cm –2 with a large areal capacity of 60.0 mAh cm –2 (∼1036.31 mAh g –1 ). Meanwhile, the well-regulated Na ion flux and uniform deposition kinetics are systematically probed by comprehensive electroanalytical analysis and theoretical simulations. As a result, assembled Na metal full battery delivers a long cycling sustainability over 500 cycles at 100 mA g –1 with a low per-cycle decay of 0.85%. The proposed strategy might inspire the construction of high-capacity Na metal anodes with appealing stability.