Editors’ Choice—Review—Recent Advances in Mixed Potential Sensors
Kannan Ramaiyan, Rangachary Mukundan
Abstract
Gas sensors are widely used in environmental monitoring and provide controls especially when working with toxic gases. YSZ based λ -sensors have been utilized in the automobile industry for exhaust gas monitoring for more than 40 years. However, recent regulations on emissions reduction has forced further development of toxic gases monitoring in various applications. Mixed potential sensors with YSZ electrolyte are receiving increased attention due to their higher sensitivity and durability under harsh conditions. This review focuses on recent (past 5 years) developments made on electrode and electrolyte structure along with new sensing electrode materials towards detecting gases such as NO x , NH 3 , H 2 , CO and hydrocarbons (HCs). The theory of mixed potential sensors is discussed along with recent developments in detection of multi-gas mixtures using the output from an array of sensors in a mathematical model. Future directions for mixed potential sensor research, and methodologies to improving sensing characteristics are also outlined.