Invasive Hemodynamic Assessment and Classification of In-Hospital Mortality Risk Among Patients With Cardiogenic Shock
Katherine Thayer, Elric Zweck, Mohyee Ayouty, A.R. Garan, Jaime Hernández-Montfort, Claudius Mahr, Kevin Morine, Sarah Newman, Lena Jorde, Jillian Haywood, Neil Harwani, Michele Esposito, Carlos D. Davila, Detlef Wencker, Shashank S. Sinha, Esther Vorovich, Jacob Abraham, William D. O’Neill, James E. Udelson, Daniel Burkhoff, Navin K. Kapur
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Risk stratifying patients with cardiogenic shock (CS) is a major unmet need. The recently proposed Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions (SCAI) stages as an approach to identify patients at risk for in-hospital mortality remains under investigation. We studied the utility of the SCAI stages and further explored the impact of hemodynamic congestion on clinical outcomes. METHODS: The CS Working Group registry includes patients with CS from 8 medical centers enrolled between 2016 and 2019. Patients were classified by the maximum SCAI stage (B-E) reached during their hospital stay according to drug and device utilization. In-hospital mortality was evaluated for association with SCAI stages and hemodynamic congestion. RESULTS: <0.0001). Risk for in-hospital mortality was associated with increasing SCAI stage (odds ratio [95% CI], 3.25 [2.63-4.02]) in both MI and heart failure cohorts. Hemodynamic data was available in 1116 (79%) patients. Elevated biventricular filling pressures were common among patients with CS, and right atrial pressure was associated with increased mortality and higher SCAI Stage. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings support an association between the proposed SCAI staging system and in-hospital mortality among patient with heart failure and MI. We further identify that venous congestion is common and identifies patients with CS at high risk for in-hospital mortality. These findings provide may inform future management protocols and clinical studies.