Asymmetric one-pot transformation of isoflavones to pterocarpans and its application in phytoalexin synthesis
Philipp Ciesielski, Peter Metz
Abstract
Phytoalexins have attracted much attention due to their health-promoting effects and their vital role in plant health during the last years. Especially the 6a-hydroxypterocarpans glyceollin I and glyceollin II, which may be isolated from stressed soy plants, possess a broad spectrum of bioactivities such as anticancer activity and beneficial contributions against western diseases by anti-oxidative and anti-cholesterolemic effects. Aiming for a catalytic asymmetric access to these natural products, we establish the asymmetric syntheses of the natural isoflavonoids (-)-variabilin, (-)-homopterocarpin, (-)-medicarpin, (-)-3,9-dihydroxypterocarpan, and (-)-vestitol by means of an asymmetric transfer hydrogenation (ATH) reaction. We successfully adapt this pathway to the first catalytic asymmetric total synthesis of (-)-glyceollin I and (-)-glyceollin II. This eight-step synthesis features an efficient one-pot transformation of a 2'-hydroxyl-substituted isoflavone to a virtually enantiopure pterocarpan by means of an ATH and a regioselective benzylic oxidation under aerobic conditions to afford the susceptible 6a-hydroxypterocarpan skeleton.