Advanced photocatalytic degradation of POPs and other contaminants: a comprehensive review on nanocomposites and heterojunctions
Ruhit Kumar Paul, Md. Ahmaruzzaman
Abstract
, CuO, and others. We have explored their photocatalytic mechanisms, inherent limitations, and recent advancements, such as elemental doping and heterojunction engineering, to enhance their activity under visible light. Nanocomposite systems, especially those incorporating heterojunctions, have demonstrated significant improvements in photocatalytic efficiency by facilitating charge separation and promoting the generation of reactive species. This review provides an in-depth examination of the mechanisms and practical applications of these materials in the degradation of POPs, dyes, and pharmaceutical pollutants. Furthermore, it outlines current challenges and identifies promising directions for future research aimed at developing high-performance photocatalysts for environmental remediation.