Anti‐inflammatory Effects of <i>S. cumini</i> Seed Extract on Gelatinase‐B (MMP‐9) Regulation against Hyperglycemic Cardiomyocyte Stress
Neha Atale, Chandra Bhushan Mishra, Shrey Kohli, Raj Kumar Mongre, Amresh Prakash, Sweta Kumari, Umesh C. S. Yadav, Raok Jeon, Vibha Rani
Abstract
Black berry ( Syzygium cumini ) fruit is useful in curing diabetic complications; however, its role in diabetes‐induced cardiomyopathy is not yet known. In this study, we investigated the regulation of gelatinase‐B (MMP‐9) by S. cumini methanol seed extract (MSE) in diabetic cardiomyopathy using real‐time PCR, RT‐PCR, immunocytochemistry, gel diffusion assay, and substrate zymography. The regulatory effects of MSE on NF‐ κ B, TNF‐ α , and IL‐6 were also examined. Identification and estimation of polyphenol constituents present in S. cumini extract were carried out using reverse‐phase HPLC. Further, in silico docking studies of identified polyphenols with gelatinase‐B were performed to elucidate molecular level interaction in the active site of gelatinase‐B. Docking studies showed strong interaction of S. cumini polyphenols with gelatinase‐B. Our findings indicate that MSE significantly suppresses gelatinase‐B expression and activity in high‐glucose‐ (HG‐) stimulated cardiomyopathy. Further, HG‐induced activation of NF‐ κ B, TNF‐ α , and IL‐6 was also remarkably reduced by MSE. Our results suggest that S. cumini MSE may be useful as an effective functional food and dietary supplement to regulate HG‐induced cardiac stress through gelatinase.