Black Phosphorus Nanosheets-Based Hydrogel for Efficient Bacterial Inhibition and Accelerating Wound Healing
Xiaowei Su, Yunfei Chi, Tian Liu, Haoyi Xun, Yushou Wu, Xiangyu Liu, Jinguang Zheng, Fangchao Hu, Shaofang Han, Hongjie Duan, Jiake Chai
Abstract
With the swift evolution of multidrug-resistant bacteria resulting from the intense and inappropriate use of antibiotics, there is a pressing need for innovative solutions. In this study, a thermosensitive hydrogel was developed for efficient bacterial inhibition and promotion of wound healing. The antibacterial chitosan (CS) thermosensitive hydrogel, cross-linked with two-dimensional photothermal nanomaterial black phosphorus (BP) nanosheets through electrostatic interactions, effectively encapsulates and sustains the release of angiogenic drug deferoxamine mesylate (DFO). This facilitates the acceleration of re-epithelialization and neovascularization by enhancing cell migration and proliferation. Following near-infrared (NIR) treatment, this hydrogel demonstrates rapid eradication of the most common multidrug-resistant bacteria encountered in clinical settings, achieved through physical disruption of bacterial membranes and photothermal therapies. Noteworthy is the significant upregulation of IL-19 expression via STAT3 signaling pathways by the BP/CS-DFO hydrogel in a full-thickness wound model. This results in the polarization of the anti-inflammatory M2 macrophage phenotype, altering the microenvironment to a pro-healing state and enhancing extracellular matrix deposition and blood vessel formation. In conclusion, the BP/CS-DFO hydrogel shows immense promise as a potential clinical candidate for wound healing and antimicrobial therapy. Its innovative design and multifunctional capabilities position it as a valuable asset in combating antibiotic resistance and enhancing efficiency in wound healing.