Comparison of Common Methods for Precision Volume Measurement of Hematoma
Minhong Chen, Zhong Li, Jianping Ding, Xingqi Lu, Yinan Cheng, Jiayun Lin
Abstract
Purpose . Our aim is to conduct analysis and comparison of some methods commonly used to measure the volume of hematoma, for example, slice method, voxelization method, and 3D-Slicer software method (projection method). Method . In order to validate the accuracy of the slice method, voxelization method, and 3D-Slicer method, these three methods were first applied to measure two known volumetric models, respectively. Then, a total of 198 patients diagnosed with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) were recruited. The patients were split into 3 different groups based on the hematoma size: group 1: <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:mtext>volume</mml:mtext><mml:mo><</mml:mo><mml:mn>10</mml:mn><mml:mtext> </mml:mtext><mml:mtext>ml</mml:mtext></mml:math> (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2"><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>89</mml:mn></mml:math>), group 2: volume between 10 and 20 ml (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M3"><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>59</mml:mn></mml:math>), and group 3: <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M4"><mml:mtext>volume</mml:mtext><mml:mo>></mml:mo><mml:mn>20</mml:mn><mml:mtext> </mml:mtext><mml:mtext>ml</mml:mtext></mml:math> (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M5"><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>50</mml:mn></mml:math>). And the shape of the hematoma was classed into regular (round to ellipsoid) with smooth margins (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M6"><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>76</mml:mn></mml:math>), irregular with frayed margins (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M7"><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>85</mml:mn></mml:math>), and multilobular (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M8"><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>37</mml:mn></mml:math>). The slice method, voxelization method, and 3D-Slicer method were adopted to measure the volume of hematoma, respectively, considering the nonclosed models and the models which may contain inaccurate normal information during CT scan. Moreover, the results were compared with the 3D-Slicer method for closed models. Results . There was a significant estimation error (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M9"><mml:mi>P</mml:mi><mml:mo><</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.05</mml:mn></mml:math>) using these three methods to calculate the volume of the closed hematoma model. The estimated hematoma volume was calculated to be <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M10"><mml:mn>14.2086743</mml:mn><mml:mo>±</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.900559087</mml:mn></mml:math> ml, <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M11"><mml:mn>14.2119130</mml:mn><mml:mo>±</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.900851812</mml:mn></mml:math> ml, and <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M12"><mml:mn>14.2123825</mml:mn><mml:mo>±</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.900835916</mml:mn></mml:math> ml using slice method 1, slice method 2, and the voxelization method, respectively, compared to <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M13"><mml:mn>14.212656</mml:mn><mml:mo>±</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.900992371</mml:mn></mml:math> ml using the 3D-Slicer method. The mean estimation error was - 0.00398172 ml, - 0.00074303 ml, and - 0.00027354 ml caused by slice method 1, slice method 2, and voxelization method, respectively. There was a significant estimation error (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M14"><mml:mi>P</mml:mi><mml:mo><</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.05</mml:mn></mml:math>), applying these three methods to calculate the volume of the nonclosed hematoma model. The estimated hematoma volume was calculated to be <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M15"><mml:mn>14.1928246</mml:mn><mml:mo>±</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.902210314</mml:mn></mml:math> ml using the 3D-Slicer method. The mean estimation error was calculated to be - 0.00402121 ml, - 0.00078237 ml, -0.00031288 ml, and - 0.01983136 ml using slice method 1, slice method 2, voxelization method, and 3D-Slicer method, respectively. Conclusions . The 3D-Slicer software method is considered as a stable and capable method of high precision for the calculation of a closed hematoma model with correct normal direction, while it would be inappropriate for the nonclosed model nor the model with incorrect normal direction. The slice method and voxelization method can be the supplement and improvement of the 3D-Slicer software method, for the purpose of achieving precision medicine.