Comprehensive investigation of material properties and operational parameters for enhancing performance and stability of FASnI3-based perovskite solar cells
Rania Saleh Alqurashi
Abstract
Abstract Recent advancements in the efficiency of lead-based halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs), exceeding 25%, have raised concerns about their toxicity and suitability for mass commercialization. As a result, tin-based PSCs have emerged as attractive alternatives. Among diverse types of tin-based PSCs, organic–inorganic metal halide materials, particularly FASnI 3 stands out for high efficiency, remarkable stability, low-cost, and straightforward solution-based fabrication process. In this work, we modelled the performance of FASnI 3 PSCs with four different hole transporting materials (Spiro-OMeTAD, Cu 2 O, CuI, and CuSCN) using SCAPS-1D program. Compared to the initial structure of Ag/Spiro-OMeTAD/FASnI 3 /TiO 2 /FTO, analysis on current–voltage and quantum efficiency characteristics identified Cu 2 O as an ideal hole transport material. Optimizing device output involved exploring the thickness of the FASnI 3 layer, defect density states, light reflection/transmission at the back and front metal contacts, effects of metal work function, and operational temperature. Maximum performance and high stability have been achieved, where an open-circuit voltage of 1.16 V, and a high short-circuit current density of 31.70 mA/cm 2 were obtained. Further study on charge carriers capture cross-section demonstrated a PCE of 32.47% and FF of 88.53% at a selected capture cross-section of electrons and holes of 10 22 cm 2 . This work aims to guide researchers for building and manufacturing perovskite solar cells that are more stable with moderate thickness, more effective, and economically feasible.