Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumor of the Central Nervous System in Children under the Age of 3 Years
Meerim Park, Jung Woo Han, Seung Min Hahn, Jun Ah Lee, Joo‐Young Kim, Sang Hoon Shin, Dong-Seok Kim, Hong In Yoon, Kyung Taek Hong, Jung Yoon Choi, Hyoung Jin Kang, Hee Young Shin, Ji Hoon Phi, Seung‐Ki Kim, Ji Won Lee, Keon Hee Yoo, Ki Woong Sung, Hong Hoe Koo, Do Hoon Lim, Hyung Jin Shin, Hyery Kim, Kyung‐Nam Koh, Ho Joon Im, Seung Do Ahn, Young‐Shin Ra, Hee-Jo Baek, Hoon Kook, Tae‐Young Jung, Hyoung Soo Choi, Chae‐Yong Kim, Hyeon Jin Park, Chuhl Joo Lyu
Abstract
PURPOSE: Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (ATRT) is a highly aggressive malignancy with peak incidence in children aged less than 3 years. Standard treatment for central nervous system ATRT in children under the age of 3 years have not been established yet. The objective of this study was to analyze characteristics and clinical outcomes of ATRT in children aged less than 3 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A search of medical records from seven centers was performed between January 2005 and December 2016. RESULTS: Forty-three patients were enrolled. With a median follow-up of 90 months, 27 patients (64.3%) showed at least one episode of disease progression (PD). The first date of PD was at 160 days after diagnosis. The 1- and 3-year progression-free survivals (PFS) were 51.2% and 28.5%, respectively. The 1- and 3-year overall survivals were 61.9% and 38.1%, respectively. The 3-year PFS was improved from 0% in pre-2011 to 47.4% in post-2011. Excluding one patient who did not receive any further therapy after surgery, 27 patients died due to PD (n=21), treatment-related toxicity (n=5), or unknown cause (n=1). In univariate analysis, factors associated with higher 3-year PFS were no metastases, diagnosis after 2011, early adjuvant radiotherapy, and high-dose chemotherapy (HDCT). In multivariate analysis, the use of HDCT and adjuvant radiotherapy remained significant prognostic factors for PFS (both p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Aggressive therapy including early adjuvant radiotherapy and HDCT could be considered to improve outcomes of ATRT in children under the age of 3 years.