Microneedle-based integrated pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation platform for personalized medicine
Jian Yang, Xia Gong, Ying Zheng, Hong Duan, Shuijin Chen, Tong Wu, Changqing Yi, Lelun Jiang, Hossam Haick
Abstract
Precision and personalized medicine for disease management necessitates real-time, continuous monitoring of biomarkers and therapeutic drugs to adjust treatment regimens based on individual patient responses. This study introduces a wearable Microneedle-based Continuous Biomarker/Drug Monitoring (MCBM) system, designed for the simultaneous, in vivo pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation for diabetes. Utilizing a dual-sensor microneedle and a layer-by-layer nanoenzyme immobilization strategy, the MCBM system achieves high sensitivity and specificity in measuring glucose and metformin concentrations in skin interstitial fluid (ISF). Seamless integration with a smartphone application enables real-time data analysis and feedback, fostering a pharmacologically informed approach to diabetes management. The MCBM system’s validation and in vivo trials demonstrate its precise monitoring of glucose and metformin, offering a tool for personalized treatment adjustments. Its proven biocompatibility and safety suit long-term usage. This system advances personalized diabetes care, highlighting the move towards wearables that adjust drug dosages in real-time, enhancing precision and personalized medicine. Real-time monitoring of drugs and biomarkers is essential for personalized diabetes care. Here, the authors present a wearable microneedle sensor system enabling simultaneous in vivo monitoring of glucose and metformin in interstitial fluids for personalized medicine.