Prevention of Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Carbohydrate-Derived Nanoantioxidants
Yin Long, Hao Wei, Jun Li, Mengting Li, Yizhan Wang, Ziyi Zhang, Tianye Cao, Corey Carlos, Lazarus G. German, Dawei Jiang, Tuanwei Sun, Jonathan W. Engle, Xiaoli Lan, Yadong Jiang, Weibo Cai, Xudong Wang
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), which mainly results from excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by a reperfusion burst of oxygen, has long been a major cause of liver dysfunction and failure after surgical procedures. Here, a monodispersed hydrophilic carbohydrate-derived nanoparticle (C-NP) was synthesized as a nanoantioxidant that could effectively prevent hepatic IRI. The spherical C-NPs had a size of ∼78 ± 11.3 nm covered with polar surface groups. They were well dispersible in water with good colloidal stability, nontoxicity, and good ROS scavenging capability. The C-NPs also exhibited good circulation lifetime, effective delivery to liver, and gradual degradability with an ability to assist the IRI group maintaining a normal and healthy liver status. The pathology mechanism of C-NPs in hepatic IRI was confirmed to be scavenging of excessive ROS by C-NPs. The effective therapeutic treatment of C-NPs in living animals revealed a great potential in clinical prevention for hepatic IRI.