Impacts of different thermal modes of multiple obstacles on the hydrothermal analysis of Fe₃O₄–water nanofluid enclosed inside a nonuniformly heated cavity

Abstract

Abstract Heat transfer enrichment is significant because its optimum values lead to the optimal usage of energy resources and further improvement of energy efficiency. The obstacles inside an enclosure can successfully control hydrothermal variations. Also, the nanofluid inside the enclosure can foster heat transport. With this aim, the current investigation addresses the hydrothermal analysis of water‐based ferrous (Fe 3 O 4 ) nanofluidic motion within a square compartment. The left‐sided and lowermost boundaries of the enclosure are imagined to be nonuniformly heated, whereas the right‐sided boundary is treated as isothermally cooled and the upper surface is made insulated. Diamond‐shaped multiple obstacles are organized inside the chamber to detect the hydrothermal transition. Additionally, both magnetic effect and thermal radiation presence are presumed. A complete analysis explores how the different heated conditions of the arranged multiple obstacles affect the hydrothermal characteristics. After reducing the dimensional equations into their dimensionless form via an accurate similarity conversion, the transformed equations are solved using the Galerkin finite element procedure. The experimental validation, comparison test, and grid independence are executed to enlighten us on the precision of the model presented. The parametric investigation includes various plots of streamlines, velocity distribution, and isotherms for Rayleigh number , thermal radiation , nanoparticle volume fraction , and Hartmann number . The outcomes show the enhanced bouncy‐driven convection for the Rayleigh number, whereas such an effect declines for the magnetic field. The average Nusselt number escalates for Rayleigh number and nanoparticles concentration, but cold obstacles render the highest magnitude compared with other obstacles.

Topics & Concepts