Direct evidence of real-space pairing in <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>Ba</mml:mi><mml:msub><mml:mi>BiO</mml:mi><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>

Abstract

The parent compound <a:math xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><a:msub><a:mi>BaBiO</a:mi><a:mn>3</a:mn></a:msub></a:math> of bismuthate high-temperature superconductors (HTSCs) <b:math xmlns:b="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><b:mrow><b:mi>BaBi</b:mi><b:mrow><b:mo>(</b:mo><b:mi>Pb</b:mi><b:mo>)</b:mo></b:mrow><b:msub><b:mi mathvariant="normal">O</b:mi><b:mn>3</b:mn></b:msub></b:mrow></b:math> and <d:math xmlns:d="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><d:mrow><d:mi>Ba</d:mi><d:mrow><d:mo>(</d:mo><d:mi mathvariant="normal">K</d:mi><d:mo>)</d:mo></d:mrow><d:msub><d:mi>BiO</d:mi><d:mn>3</d:mn></d:msub></d:mrow></d:math> with perovskitelike structure exhibits unusual electronic and structural properties, which can be satisfactorily explained if we assume that all charge carriers are in the paired state. However, the prior experiments and the first-principle calculations only indirectly indicate the existence of paired charge carriers in <f:math xmlns:f="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><f:msub><f:mi>BaBiO</f:mi><f:mn>3</f:mn></f:msub></f:math>. In this work, we report the direct evidence of initially paired electrons and holes in the upper antibonding Bi <g:math xmlns:g="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><g:mrow><g:mn>6</g:mn><g:mi>s</g:mi><g:mo>−</g:mo><g:mi mathvariant="normal">O</g:mi><g:mspace width="4pt"/><g:mn>2</g:mn><g:msub><g:mi>p</g:mi><g:msup><g:mi>σ</g:mi><g:mo>*</g:mo></g:msup></g:msub></g:mrow></g:math> orbital of the neighboring octahedral complexes in the ground state of <j:math xmlns:j="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><j:msub><j:mi>BaBiO</j:mi><j:mn>3</j:mn></j:msub></j:math> using the time-resolved x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) to monitor the electron dynamics after the femtosecond resonant 633 nm laser excitation. We observe strong changes in the oxygen <k:math xmlns:k="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><k:mi>K</k:mi></k:math>-edge XAS preedge region, defined by the <l:math xmlns:l="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><l:mrow><l:mi>Bi</l:mi><l:mspace width="4pt"/><l:mn>6</l:mn><l:mi>s</l:mi><l:mo>−</l:mo><l:mi mathvariant="normal">O</l:mi><l:mspace width="4pt"/><l:mn>2</l:mn><l:msub><l:mi>p</l:mi><l:msup><l:mi>σ</l:mi><l:mo>*</l:mo></l:msup></l:msub></l:mrow></l:math> orbitals. We interpret them as a fast (<p:math xmlns:p="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><p:mrow><p:mo>≤</p:mo><p:mn>0.3</p:mn></p:mrow></p:math> ps) breaking of charge carrier pairs and slower (0.3–0.8 ps) lattice rearrangement from the distorted monoclinic structure into the new metastable state with a cubic lattice, which persists at least up to 60 ps after the excitation. Analysis of the intermediate state at the fast excitation shows that the bond disproportionation and monoclinic distortion of <q:math xmlns:q="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><q:msub><q:mi>BaBiO</q:mi><q:mn>3</q:mn></q:msub></q:math> structure are energetically favorable due to the charge carrier pairing. Thus the compound <r:math xmlns:r="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><r:msub><r:mi>BaBiO</r:mi><r:mn>3</r:mn></r:msub></r:math> forms a new quantum state that we define as a local pair density wave. Taking into account a large number of similarities between bismuthate and cuprate high-temperature superconductors, we believe that our work will give a new impetus to understanding the nature of superconductivity in perovskite HTSCs. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

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