Development strategies for green hydrogen, green ammonia, and green methanol in transportation
Chengjiang Li, Qianwen Hao, Wei Zhang, Shiyuan Wang, Jing Yang
Abstract
Green hydrogen-based fuels, such as green hydrogen, green ammonia , and green methanol, are promising alternatives for low-carbon transport. However, their development is hindered by the complex balance between environmental benefits and economic feasibility . This study introduces a combined life cycle assessment , multi-criteria decision-making, and SWOT analysis (LCA-MCDM-SWOT) to explore optimal strategies for these green hydrogen-based fuels under various scenarios. The optimal strategy for green hydrogen and ammonia is maximizing the strength of electricity and biomass and improving renewable fuel technology maturity (SO strategy). Overcoming the weakness of the low economy and improving renewable fuel technology maturity (WO strategy) is the most applicable to deploying green methanol. Accordingly, it suggests deploying the green ‘hydrogen-ammonia-methanol’ fuel circular economy routes to realize sustainable development in transportation.