Ultrasonic Synthesis and Characterization of 2D and 3D Metal–Organic Frameworks and Their Application in the Oxidative Amidation Reaction
Sepideh Bagheri, Farzane Pazoki, Akbar Heydari
Abstract
Ultrasound irradiation as an environmentally friendly and inexpensive method successfully applied for the synthesis of two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). Sonochemically synthesized AM-Co1 and AM-Co2 powder has been employed as a green heterogeneous catalyst for the oxidative amidation reaction. The results show that AM-Co1 with a two-dimensional (2D) structure can act as an excellent catalyst for this reaction under ultrasonic irradiation compared to AM-Co2 with a three-dimensional (3D) structure. According to green principles, we used water as a green solvent and air as an oxidant for the oxidative amidation reaction. A wide variety of aldehydes and amines have been used for the synthesis of amides in good to excellent yields (75-90%). Also, the MOF catalyst could be recovered and reused several times without loss of activity.