Different modulation schemes for direct and external modulators based on various laser sources
Hazem M. El-Hageen, P. G. Kuppusamy, Aadel M. Alatwi, M. Sivaram, Z. Ahamed Yasar, Ahmed Nabih Zaki Rashed
Abstract
Abstract Different types of laser source modulation techniques have been used in various applications depending on the objective. As optical systems extract the laws and the best solutions from experiments and simulations, the present study uses simulation software with different modulation types so the output signals can be compared. The modulators used are Mach-Zehnder, which is an external modulator, and electro-absorption modulator and laser rate equation modulator, which are direct modulators. All these types have an optical link multimode (MM) fiber with a photodiode in the receiver end that can be modeled. The input and output signals are analyzed using different types of modulations.