The Secrets of the Mediterranean Diet. Does [Only] Olive Oil Matter?
Alessandra Mazzocchi, Ludovica Leone, Carlo Agostoni, Isabella Pali‐Schöll
Abstract
This chapter summarizes the current knowledge on the effect of the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) with special focus on extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) on immune-mediated inflammatory diseases and cardiovascular diseases. The Mediterranean dietary pattern is not only exemplified as a prudent choice of lifestyle, but also as a scientifically accepted mechanism that helps to preserve human health and protect against major chronic diseases. Mediterranean-style diets are considered beneficial for the prevention and/or treatment of obesity, type-2 diabetes, and inflammatory disorders. Olive oil is the traditional symbol of the Mediterranean diet, representing the primary source of fat. Consumption of a Mediterranean-style diet supplemented with EVOO also in patients with the metabolic syndrome was associated with a significant reduction of systemic vascular inflammation markers. The overall dietary pattern within the MedDiet plays an additional role, e.g., high fiber positively affecting the microbiome, and even more the myriads of non-fat micro-components.