The Role of Race, Sex, and Age in Circadian Disruption and Metabolic Disorders
Clark Zhang, Christopher Tait, Carlos D. Minacapelli, Abhishek Bhurwal, Kapil Gupta, Rajan N. Amin, Vinod K. Rustgi
Abstract
, increased levels of proinflammatory gut bacteria, and reduced sleep quality compared to men, possibly leading to higher rates of obesity, metabolic syndrome, hypertension (in postmenopausal women), and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Older people were noted to have decreased expression of anti-inflammatory clock genes compared to younger people, possibly leading to increased rates of obesity, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension. Groups that are at a higher risk for metabolic disorders such as black Americans, women, and the elderly may have internal time keeping systems that place them at a higher risk for developing abnormal hormonal and/or inflammatory pathways.