The Human Superficial Fascia: A Narrative Review
Caterina Fede, Christophe Clair, Carmelo Pirri, Lucía Petrelli, Xiaoxiao Zhao, Yunfeng Sun, Veronica Macchi, Carla Stecco
Abstract
In recent years, the interest in the comprehension of the fasciae has significantly grown, together with the necessity of finding a consensus for a terminology of the fasciae in the research and clinical fields. Furthermore, it is becoming necessary to categorize the various types of fascia (superficial, deep, visceral, neural) since they possess different anatomical characteristics, and are implicated in different pathophysiological pathways. While in the past we have described the deep/muscular fascia, the aim of this work is to summarize and catalog the information relating to the human superficial fascia (thickness, cellular end extracellular matrix component, innervation, vascularization).