Determination of local defect density in diamond by double electron-electron resonance
Li Shang, Huijie Zheng, Zaili Peng, Mizuki Kamiya, Tomoyuki Niki, Viktor Stepanov, Andrey Jarmola, Yasuhiro Shimizu, Susumu Takahashi, Arne Wickenbrock, Dmitry Budker
Abstract
Magnetic impurities in diamond influence the relaxation properties and thus limit the sensitivity of magnetic, electric, strain, and temperature sensors based on nitrogen-vacancy color centers. Diamond samples may exhibit significant spatial variations in the impurity concentrations hindering the quantitative analysis of relaxation pathways. Here, we present a local measurement technique which can be used to determine the concentration of various species of defects by utilizing double electron-electron resonance. This method will help to improve the understanding of the physics underlying spin relaxation and guide the development of diamond samples, as well as offering protocols for optimized sensing.