Extract of <i>Pinus densiflora</i> needles suppresses acute inflammation by regulating inflammatory mediators in RAW264.7 macrophages and mice
Seul-Yong Jeong, Won Seok Choi, Oh Seong Kwon, Jong Seok Lee, Su Young Son, Choong Hwan Lee, Sarah Lee, Jin Yong Song, Yeonjin Lee, Ji-Yun Lee
Abstract
CONTEXT: Siebold & Zucc. (Pinaceae) needle extracts ameliorate oxidative stress, but research into their anti-inflammatory effects is limited. OBJECTIVE: . MATERIALS AND METHODS: )). Thirty ICR mice were randomized to six groups: vehicle, control, PINE pre-treatment (0.1, 0.3 and 1 mg/left ear for 10 min followed by arachidonic acid treatment for 30 min) and dexamethasone. The posttreatment ear thickness and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity were measured. RESULTS: < 0.05). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: PINE exerts antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the production of inflammatory mediators. Identified flavonoids such as taxifolin and quercetin glucoside can be attributed to effect of PINE.