Strained spiro heterocycles as potential bioisosteres: an update on the synthesis of heteroatom-containing spiro[2.3]hexanes and spiro[3.3]heptanes

Abstract

, metabolic stability, lipophilicity). In particular, strained spiro heterocycles containing at least one four-membered ring are in demand, as the inclusion of a small ring results in a more rigid and denser molecular space, whereas the inclusion of a heteroatom allows for placement of an exit vector orthogonal to the neighbouring carbon-centered exit vectors. The continuous development of new strained spiro heterocycles, their site-specific functionalisation, and their application as bioisostere is thus imperative. This review provides an overview of progress since 2014 with a particular focus on heteroatom-containing spiro[2.3]hexanes and spiro[3.3]heptanes.

Topics & Concepts