Deep learning generalization for diabetic retinopathy staging from fundus images
Yevgeniy Men, Jonathan Fhima, Leo Anthony Celi, Lucas Zago Ribeiro, Luis Filipe Nakayama, Joachim A. Behar
Abstract
Abstract Objective . Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a serious diabetes complication that can lead to vision loss, making timely identification crucial. Existing data-driven algorithms for DR staging from digital fundus images (DFIs) often struggle with generalization due to distribution shifts between training and target domains. Approach . To address this, DRStageNet, a deep learning model, was developed using six public and independent datasets with 91 984 DFIs from diverse demographics. Five pretrained self-supervised vision transformers (ViTs) were benchmarked, with the best further trained using a multi-source domain (MSD) fine-tuning strategy. Main results . DINOv2 showed a 27.4% improvement in L-Kappa versus other pretrained ViT. MSD fine-tuning improved performance in four of five target domains. The error analysis revealing 60% of errors due to incorrect labels, 77.5% of which were correctly classified by DRStageNet. Significance . We developed DRStageNet, a DL model for DR, designed to accurately stage the condition while addressing the challenge of generalizing performance across target domains. The model and explainability heatmaps are available at www.aimlab-technion.com/lirot-ai .