Thermal Performance of Bio-Based Materials for Sustainable Building Insulation: A Numerical Study
Labouda Ba, Abdelkrim Trabelsi, Tien Tung Ngo, Prosper Pliya, Ikram El Abbassi, Cheikh Sidi Ethmane Kane
Abstract
This study investigates the thermal and energy performance of various bio-based materials, including Typha Australis, straw, banana fiber, Alfa fiber, peanut shells, and VSS (a blend of wood pulp, cotton, flax, and hemp), in comparison to conventional concrete. A combined approach integrating numerical simulations and experimental analyses was employed to ensure robust and comprehensive insights. COMSOL Multiphysics was utilized for detailed thermal modeling of wall assemblies, while TRNSYS enabled dynamic simulations to evaluate the impact of these materials on overall cooling energy demand. The results demonstrate that bio-based materials offer significantly improved thermal insulation, reducing air conditioning needs by over 30% relative to concrete, with banana fiber exhibiting the highest performance. This study underscores the need for industrial-scale optimization, supportive regulatory frameworks, and real-world implementation to promote broader adoption. Despite their strong potential, challenges remain, particularly regarding cost-effectiveness, durability, and market penetration. Ultimately, this research advocates for a transition toward more sustainable and environmentally conscious construction practices, aligning with efforts to reduce CO2 emissions and enhance building energy efficiency.