Plasma‐activated medium as an innovative anticancer strategy: Insight into its cellular and molecular impact on in vitro leukemia cells
Eleonora Turrini, Romolo Laurita, Emanuele Simoncelli, Augusto Stancampiano, Elena Catanzaro, Cinzia Calcabrini, Giovanni Carulli, Martina Rousseau, Matteo Gherardi, Francesca Maffei, Veronica Cocchi, Monia Lenzi, Valentina Pellicioni, Patrizia Hrelia, Vittorio Colombo, Carmela Fimognari
Abstract
Abstract Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) has received attention as a potential anticancer strategy. In this study, culture medium was exposed to a microsecond‐pulsed dielectric barrier discharge jet to produce plasma‐activated medium (PAM). On the T‐lymphoblastic cell line, PAM induced apoptosis through the activation of the intrinsic pathway and inhibited the cell‐cycle progression. The use of the scavengers N ‐acetylcysteine or O ‐phenantroline significantly decreased the PAM proapoptotic activity. The genetic impact of PAM on TK6 cells was assessed, resulting in an increased micronuclei frequency. PAM exhibited cytotoxic effects even on leukemia cells cultivated in hypoxia, which plays a critical role in promoting chemoresistance. PAM was also tested on normal lymphocytes, showing its partial selectivity. Taken together, these results contribute to understand the pharmacotoxicological profile of CAP.