Advances of Biowaste-Derived Porous Carbon and Carbon–Manganese Dioxide Composite in Supercapacitors: A Review
Akzhibek Zekenova, Meruyert Nazhipkyzy, Wanlu Li, Akmaral Kalybayeva, Guldarikha Zhumanova, Olga Zubova
Abstract
One of the global problems is environmental pollution by different biowaste. To solve the problem, biowaste must be recycled. Waste-free technology is also a way of saving exhaustible raw materials. Research on electrochemical energy sources is currently the most dynamically developing area of off-grid energy. Electrochemical capacitors can operate for a long time without changing performance, they have smaller dimensions, high mechanical strength, and a wide operating temperature range. These properties are effective energy-saving devices. Therefore, supercapacitors are widely used in various industries. This review discussed the methods of obtaining and the characteristics of biowaste-derived activated carbon and carbon–manganese oxide (AC-MnO2)-based supercapacitor electrodes.