Chemical speciation determines combined cytotoxicity: Examples of biochar and arsenic/chromium
Jian Liu, Yuting Wen, Yucong Mo, Weizhen Liu, Xiliang Yan, Hongyu Zhou, Bing Yan
Topics & Concepts
ChemistryChromiumRedoxCytotoxicityMetalValence (chemistry)ArsenicOxidation stateMetal ions in aqueous solutionIonic bondingHexavalent chromiumInorganic chemistryNuclear chemistryIonBiochemistryOrganic chemistryIn vitroArsenic contamination and mitigationHeavy metals in environmentHeavy Metal Exposure and Toxicity