From theory to practice: a roadmap for applying dual-process theory in design cognition research
Emma Lawrie, Meagan Flus, Alison Olechowski, Laura Hay, Andrew Wodehouse
Abstract
Dual-process theory categorises cognition into two types of processing: Type 1 which is intuitive, autonomous processing, and Type 2 which is reflective processing that burdens limited executive cognitive resources (i.e.working memory).A recent call for increased theory-driven research in the field of design has led to a framing of dual-process theory as a foundation for design research.This research note presents a roadmap for future dual-process theorydriven design research outlining three main stages: defining dualprocess theory constructs, determining research focus, and selecting research methods.Across these stages, we offer a conceptualisation of dual-process theory for design researchers, outlining the main concepts of the theory.We then present how a research study design must consider the nature of design problems (complex, illstructured, ambiguous), designers, and the practice of design.Finally, we outline the main methods employed in dual-process theory research: behavioural, physiological, and self-report measures, suggesting ways to adapt such methods to design contexts.Ultimately, this work presents how dual-process theory may connect with theories of cognition often considered in design and offers a path forward for dual-process theory-driven design research.