Deciphering the dynamic code: DNA recognition by transcription factors in the ever-changing genome
Yumi Minyi Yao, Irina Miodownik, Michael O’Hagan, Muhammad Jbara, Ariel Afek
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) intricately navigate the vast genomic landscape to locate and bind specific DNA sequences for the regulation of gene expression programs. These interactions occur within a dynamic cellular environment, where both DNA and TF proteins experience continual chemical and structural perturbations, including epigenetic modifications, DNA damage, mechanical stress, and post-translational modifications (PTMs). While many of these factors impact TF-DNA binding interactions, understanding their effects remains challenging and incomplete. This review explores the existing literature on these dynamic changes and their potential impact on TF-DNA interactions.